Students with less access to health care (uninsured) and those with greater health care needs (self-reported health conditions that limited daily activities) were more likely than other students to visit the SBHC (Kisker, Brown, 1996).

SBHC registered students were similar in gender, ethnicity and age to all students enrolled in the school (McCord, Klein, Joy, Fothergill, 1993).

Average users (3 visits per year) of the SBHC were representative of entire student population based on age, race, gender and grade point average. Frequent users (15 or more visits per year) were more likely to be female and have a lower grade point average (Wolk, Kaplan, 1993).

Anemia and emotional problems were reported more frequently by students from SBHC schools (Santelli, Kouzis, Newcomer, 1996).

Based on Medicaid expenditures, elementary students with access to a school-based health center had a greater utilization rate for EPSTD preventive services compared to a similar population having no access to a school-based health center. (Adams, Johnson, 2000)

Students who use SBHCs as their primary health care provider were more satisfied with their services compared to users of community and hospital clinics (Kaplan, Brindis, Phibbs, Melinkovich, Naylor, Ahlstrand, 1999).

Elementary students with access to a SBHC had a greater likelihood of having had a physician's visit and a dental examination during the school year than students without access to a SBHC. (Kaplan, Brindis, Phibbs, Melinkovich, Naylor, Ahlstrand, 1999).

Uninsured students with access to a SBHC had an easier time obtaining physical health and dental services compared to uninsured students without access to a SBHC (Kaplan, Brindis, Phibbs, Melinkovich, Naylor, Ahlstrand, 1999).

Adolescents with access to a SBHC were 10 times more likely to make a mental health or substance abuse visit (Kaplan, Calonge, Guernsey, Hanraham, 1998).

A greater percentage, 80.2 percent, of adolescents with access to SBHCs had at least one comprehensive health supervision visit compared to, 68.8 percent of adolescents without access (Kaplan, Calonge, Guernsey, Hanraham, 1998).

SBHCs were successful in coordinating care for the adolescents they served with far higher rates of referral completion than previously reported. In addition, SBHCs seemed to improve access for the majority of the students studied, particularly those lacking insurance or source of health care (Hacker, Weintraub, Fried, Ashba, 1997).

There was a higher percentage of students at SBHC schools who visited any health care provider during their senior year compared to what would have been expected if they followed the trend of urban youths nationally (Kisker, Brown, 1996).

Adolescent users of SBHCs had higher use of any health care provider than adolescents in the general population (Anglin, Naylor, Kaplan, 1996).

Students in schools with school-based health centers were more likely to report seeing social workers and counselors (Santelli, Kouzis, Newcomer, 1996).

A study conducted in Ohio found that the risk of hospitalization and emergency department visits for children with asthma decreased significantly with school-based health center program. The potential cost savings for hospitalization was estimated as $970 per child. (Guo, Jang, Keller, McCracken, Pan, Cluxton, 2005)

Medicaid-enrolled elementary students using a school-based health center had statistically significant lower emergency department expenditures compared to a similar population without access to a school-based health center. (Adams, Johnson, 2000)

There was a significant decrease in emergency department utilization for elementary children with access to a SBHC compared to those without access to a SBHC (Kaplan, Brindis, Phibbs, Melinkovich, Naylor, Ahlstrand, 1999).

Adolescents with access to a SBHC had fewer after hours emergent or urgent care visits compared to adolescents without access to a SBHC (Kaplan, Calonge, Guernsey, Hanraham, 1998).

There was no impact on students attending SBHC schools in their use of hospital emergency rooms compared to what would have been expected if they followed the trend of urban youths nationally (Kisker, Brown, 1996).

School-based health center showed a protective effect on emergency use but only among students with the longest tenure in the school (Santelli, Kouzis, Newcomer, 1996).

Students diagnosed with asthma enrolled in four school-based health centers in Ohio had a decreased risk of hospitalization and emergency department visits compared to students without access to school-based health centers. (Guo, Jang, Keller, McCracken, Pan, Cluxton, 2005)

A study conducted at an urban high school found the following: (1) average users, frequent users, and nonusers of a SBHC did not differ in the mental health problems measured in this study; (2) those who used the SBHC indicated strong satisfaction with the care received; and (3) those who did not use the SBHC chose to stay away for a variety of reasons, most commonly the availability of other care or the perception of lack of need. (Pastore, Juszczak, Fisher, Friedman, 1998).

There was no impact on self-reported physical health status among students attending SBHC schools compared to what would have been expected if they followed the trend of urban youths nationally (Kisker, Brown, 1996).

Based on self report inventories, students who received no mental health services during the academic year showed no change in mental health status, whereas treated students showed significant declines in depression and improvements in self-concept from pre to post intervention (Weist, Paskewitz, Warner, 1996).

Fewer students attending SBHC schools reported considering suicide compared to what would have been expected if they followed the trend of urban youths nationally (Kisker, Brown, 1996).

There was no impact on the likelihood that students attending SBHC schools had attempted suicide compared to what would have been expected if they followed the trend of urban youths nationally (Kisker, Brown, 1996).

Repeated chlamydia and gonorrhea screening and treatment in schools with school-based health centers are associated with declines in chlamydia prevalence among boys. Expansion of STD screening and treatment programs to school settings is likely to be a critical component of a national strategy to control bacterial STDs. With repeated testing, chlamydia prevalence among boys dropped to half the rate of comparison schools (3.2% vs 6.4%). Among girls chlamydia prevalence declined only slightly (10.3% vs. 11.9% in comparison schools). (Cohen, Nsuami, Martin, Farley, 1999)

Among SBHCs studied, a SBHC that focused specifically on family planning, there was a delay in students' initiation of sexual activity compared to what would have been expected if they followed the trend of urban youths nationally (Kisker, Brown, 1996).

Seniors in SBHC schools were no less likely to have had recent sexual intercourse than what would have been expected if they followed the trend of urban youths nationally (Kisker, Brown, 1996).

The results of a study showed a rapid and significant decline in Black adolescents’ fertility in schools with school-based health centers. This strongly suggests that attending to the health needs of students at risk of pregnancy in SBHCs resulted in lowered risk of fertility. (Ricketts, Guernsey, 2006)

There was no significant impact on the rate of pregnancy among students being served by six SBHCs (a reinterpretation of St. Paul data) (Kirby, Waszak, Ziegler, 1991).

Clinic users were absent a lower percentage of the time compared to students who were registered but did not use the clinic as well as students who were not registered for the clinic (McCord, et al., 1993).

Students who were registered to use the clinic were more likely to graduate or be promoted than students who were not registered for the clinic (McCord, et al., 1993).

African-American male students were more than three times as likely to stay in school if they had registered for the clinic (McCord, et al., 1993).

Students attending SBHC schools gained more knowledge about health issues during the high school years than would have been expected if they followed the trend of urban youths nationally (Kisker, Brown, 1996)